New thematic area

Autism, neurodivergence and the human-animal bond

Contact with animals can be part of experiences involving bonding, participation, communication and well-being for some autistic people. Research has examined these relationships in different contexts, especially animal-assisted interventions.

Projeto Acolher TEA is bringing together content on this interface with a clear rule: responsible information, no cure claims, and respect for the well-being of both person and animal.

What the scientific literature shows

A 2023 systematic review found substantial growth in the literature on animal-assisted interventions in autism. Horses and dogs were the most studied animals, and social interaction was among the most investigated outcomes. The authors also highlighted methodological limitations and the need for stronger research designs.

A meta-analysis of 45 studies and 1,212 participants found statistically significant improvement in some outcomes, including social communication, irritability, hyperactivity and word use. Other outcomes did not improve significantly. These findings do not mean the intervention works the same way for everyone.

Dogs, horses and other possibilities

Research mainly includes interventions with horses and dogs, with some studies involving other animals. The type of activity, therapeutic goal, team preparation and individual characteristics of the autistic person can influence both experience and outcomes.

Animal welfare is also part of the evidence

Any activity involving animals should consider signs of stress, appropriate handling, rest, a safe environment and the animal’s own limits. Responsible interventions do not treat the animal as a passive resource: its welfare is part of the plan.

No cure claims

The human-animal bond should not be presented as a cure for autism or as a replacement for professional assessment or support. In some settings, it may be used as a complementary resource within defined goals and appropriate supervision.

A new area within Acolher

This section will develop content for families, students, professionals and universities, connecting neurodivergence, animal protection, social participation and science communication.

Topics we will cover

Animal-assisted interventions and autism

Assistance dogs and support in daily life

Equine-assisted activities

Bonding, social interaction and participation

Animal welfare and ethics

Critical reading of scientific studies

Awareness videos with Julinho Casares

We selected public videos from Julinho Casares’s YouTube channel focused on responsible care, coexistence and knowledge about dogs. They are included here for their educational value related to animal protection and welfare.

How to leave your dog home alone

Guidance on adaptation and responsible coexistence when a dog needs to remain alone for part of the day.

The original purpose of dog breeds

Educational content about the historical characteristics and purposes of different dog breeds.

External content embedded from YouTube. It is included here for educational and animal-welfare awareness purposes.

View YouTube channel

Scientific references

Nieforth LO et al. Animal-Assisted Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Literature from 2016 to 2020. 2023. PMC

Effectiveness of animal-assisted activities and therapies for autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2024. PMC

The Impact of Dog-Assisted Therapy Among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review. 2024. PMC

Educational and informational content. It does not replace assessment, diagnosis or individualized follow-up by qualified professionals.

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