Autism in adolescence: identity, mental health, autonomy and preparation for adulthood
Adolescence brings social, emotional, school, physical and participation changes that may require new forms of support and greater attention to the autistic young person’s own voice.
Mental health and wellbeing
Anxiety, depression, exhaustion, isolation and persistent changes in sleep, eating or participation should not automatically be attributed to autism. Assessment should consider the young person’s usual functioning, context, bullying, pain, overload and other health factors.
Identity, belonging and masking
Some autistic adolescents use masking or camouflaging strategies to hide or compensate for autistic characteristics in social situations. Research links higher masking with poorer wellbeing and internalizing symptoms in some young people, although experiences differ. Support should promote safety, authenticity and belonging rather than teaching someone to “look less autistic”.
Preparing for adulthood before age 18
Transition planning can begin during adolescence and include education, work, transportation, money, daily living, communication, health, housing, relationships and support networks. Autonomy means participating in decisions and making choices with the support needed, not doing everything alone.
Puberty, sexuality and protection
Age-appropriate and accessible information should include body changes, hygiene, privacy, consent, relationships, safe technology use and protection from violence. Avoiding the topic does not remove these needs.
When to seek additional support
- Persistent distress or a marked change from the person’s usual pattern
- Loss of participation or major decline in functioning
- Significant worsening of sleep or eating
- More intense crises or signs of risk
- Immediate risk, severe self-injury or threat to life requires urgent care
Educational content based on official Brazilian health sources and recent reviews. It does not replace individualized assessment or professional care.
Puberty and adolescence in autism
Talk about physical, emotional and social changes and the need for accessible guidance.
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